I-oda elikhulu seliphuzile. Umhleli omkhulu uthatha ilivu yokugula

I-oda elikhulu seliphuzile. Umhleli omkhulu uthatha ilivu yokugula. Ikhasimende lakho elihamba phambili lisanda kuthumela umlayezo wombhalo licela umtitilizo obekumele ukhokhelwe ngoLwesibili olwedlule. Ubani onesikhathi sokukhathazeka ngamafutha okugcoba aconsa kancane ukusuka ngemuvaI-CNC lathe, noma uzibuza ukuthi umsindo omncane owuzwayo ovela endaweni evundlile yomshini usho inkinga yokuphotha?
Kuyaqondakala lokhu. Wonke umuntu umatasa, kodwa ukungakunaki ukunakekelwa komshini akufani nokushayela ukuya emsebenzini lapho umfutho wesondo ongemuva kwesokunxele uphansi kancane. Izindleko zokwehluleka ukugcina imishini ye-CNC njalo futhi ngokwanele ziphakeme kakhulu kunezindleko zokulungisa ezingenakugwenywa kodwa ezingalindelekile. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi uzolahlekelwa ukunemba kwengxenye, unciphise impilo yamathuluzi, futhi mhlawumbe amasonto esikhathi sokuphumula esingahleliwe ngesikhathi ulinde izingxenye ezisuka phesheya kwezilwandle.
Ukugwema konke kuqala ngomunye wemisebenzi yasekhaya elula kakhulu ongayicabanga: ukusula izinto zokusebenza ekupheleni kweshifu ngayinye. Yilokhu u-Kanon Shiu, unjiniyela womkhiqizo nesevisi e-Chevalier Machinery Inc. e-Santa Fe Springs, e-California, esho, wakhala ngokuthi abanikazi bamathuluzi emishini abaningi kakhulu bangenza kangcono kule phrojekthi yokugcinwa kwendlu eyisisekelo. “Uma ungawugcini uhlanzekile umshini, cishe uzodala izinkinga,” kusho yena.
Njengabakhi abaningi, i-Chevalier ifaka ama-hoses ashisayo kuyolathesfuthiizikhungo zemishini. Lokhu kufanele kube kuhle ngokufafaza umoya ocindezelwe ebusweni bomshini, ngoba lokhu kungaqhumisa udoti omncane nezinhlawulo endaweni yesiteshi. Uma ifakwe izinto ezinjalo, isidluliseli se-chip nebhande lokudlulisa kufanele kugcinwe kuvuliwe ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze kugwenywe ukunqwabelana kwe-chip. Uma kungenjalo, ama-chips aqoqiwe angabangela injini ukuthi ime futhi ilimale lapho iqala kabusha. Isisefo kufanele sihlanzwe noma sishintshwe njalo, njengoba kufanele ipani likawoyela noketshezi lokusika.

“Konke lokhu kunomthelela omkhulu ekutheni siwuvusa ngokushesha umshini futhi uma usudinga ukulungiswa,” kusho uShiu. “Ngesikhathi sifika endaweni imishini ingcolile, kwathatha isikhathi eside ukuyilungisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ochwepheshe bangase bahlanze indawo ethintekile engxenyeni yokuqala yokuvakasha ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukuxilonga inkinga. Umphumela awusona isikhathi sokuphumula esidingekayo, futhi kungenzeka kube nezindleko ezinkulu zokuyilungisa.”
U-Shiu futhi utusa ukusebenzisa i-skimmer kawoyela ukuze kukhishwe uwoyela oxubile epanini likawoyela lomshini. Kunjalo nangoBrent Morgan. Njengonjiniyela wohlelo lokusebenza eCastrol Lubricants eWayne, eNew Jersey, uyavuma ukuthi ukushushuluza, ukugcinwa kwethangi likawoyela okuvamile, nokuqapha njalo i-pH kanye namazinga okugxila oketshezi olusikayo kuzosiza ukwelula impilo yesipholile, kanye nempilo. wamathuluzi okusika ngisho nemishini.
Kodwa-ke, uMorgan uphinde anikeze indlela yokulungisa uketshezi olusikiwe oluzenzakalelayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Castrol SmartControl, engase ithinte isikali sanoma iyiphi indawo yokusebenzela ehlose ukutshala imali ohlelweni lokupholisa oluphakathi nendawo.
Uchaze ukuthi iSmartControl yethulwe “cishe unyaka.” Yathuthukiswa ngokubambisana nomkhiqizi wokulawula izimboni i-Tiefenbach, futhi yakhelwe kakhulu izitolo ezinohlelo olumaphakathi. Kunezinguqulo ezimbili. Kokubili kuhlale kuqapha uketshezi olusikiwe, hlola ukugxila, i-pH, ukuhamba kahle, izinga lokushisa, nezinga lokugeleza, njll., futhi yazise umsebenzisi uma omunye wabo edinga ukunakwa. Izinguqulo ezithuthuke kakhulu zingalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amanye alawa manani-uma ifunda ukugxila okuphansi, i-SmartControl izongeza ukugxilisa ingqondo, njengoba nje izolungisa i-pH ngokungeza amabhafa njengoba kudingeka.
“Amakhasimende athanda lezi zinhlelo ngoba azikho izinkinga ezihambisana nokusika uketshezi olulungiswayo,” kusho uMorgan. “Udinga kuphela ukuhlola ukukhanya kwenkomba futhi uma kukhona okungavamile, sicela uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele. Uma kunoxhumo lwe-inthanethi, umsebenzisi angaluqapha ekude. Kukhona ne-onboard hard drive engonga izinsuku ezingama-30 zokusika umlando wokulungisa uketshezi.”
Uma kubhekwa inkambiso yobuchwepheshe be-Industrial 4.0 kanye ne-Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), lezi zinhlelo zokuqapha ezikude ziya ngokuya zivame kakhulu. Isibonelo, u-Kanon Shiu wakwa-Chevalier ukhulume nge-iMCS yenkampani (Intelligent Machine Communication System). Njengazo zonke izinhlelo ezinjalo, iqoqa ulwazi mayelana nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene ehlobene nokukhiqiza. Kodwa okubaluleke ngokufanayo yikhono layo lokubona izinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza ngisho nokushayisana, linikeza ulwazi olubalulekile kulabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokunakekela umshini.
U-Guy Parenteau futhi muhle kakhulu ekuqapheni akude. Umphathi wobunjiniyela be-Methods Machine Tools Inc., e-Sudbury, Massachusetts, uveze ukuthi ukuqapha komshini okude kuvumela abakhiqizi namakhasimende ngokufanayo ukuthi bathole izisekelo zokusebenza, ezingase zisetshenziswe ama-algorithms asekelwe kubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze bakhombe amathrendi e-electromechanical. Faka i-predictive maintenance, okuwubuchwepheshe obungathuthukisa i-OEE (ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yonke).
"Izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi ziya ngokwanda zisebenzisa isoftware yokuqapha umkhiqizo ukuze kuqondwe futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula," kusho uParenteau. “Isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukuhlaziya amaphethini okugqokwa kwengxenye, izinguquko zomthwalo we-servo, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, njll. kudatha yomshini. Uma uqhathanisa la manani namanani lapho umshini usemusha, ungabikezela ukungasebenzi kahle kwemoto noma wazise othile ukuthi isiphetho se-spindle sesizowa .
Uveze ukuthi lokhu kuhlaziya kukabili. Ngamalungelo okufinyelela kunethiwekhi, abasabalalisi noma abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukuqapha okwamakhasimendeCNC, njengoba i-FANUC isebenzisa uhlelo lwayo lwe-ZDT (zero downtime) ukuze ihlole impilo ekude kumarobhothi. Lesi sici singaxwayisa abakhiqizi ngezinkinga ezingaba khona futhi sibasize bakhombe futhi basuse ukonakala komkhiqizo.
Amakhasimende angazimisele ukuvula izimbobo ku-firewall (noma akhokhe imali yesevisi) angakhetha ukuqapha idatha ngokwawo. UParenteau uthe ayikho inkinga ngalokhu, kodwa wengeza ngokuthi abakhi bavamise ukwazi kangcono ukuhlonza izinkinga zokunakekela kanye nokusebenza kusenesikhathi. “Bayazi ikhono lomshini noma irobhothi. Uma kukhona okudlula inani elinqunywe kusengaphambili, bangacupha kalula i-alamu ukuze babonise ukuthi inkinga iseduze, noma ukuthi ikhasimende lingase liwuphushe kakhulu umshini.”
Ngisho nangaphandle kokufinyelela kude, ukulungiswa komshini sekulula futhi kubuchwepheshe kakhulu kunangaphambili. U-Ira Busman, iphini likamongameli wenkonzo yamakhasimende e-Okuma America Corp. e-Charlotte, eNyakatho Carolina, ucaphuna izimoto ezintsha namaloli njengezibonelo. “Ikhompiyutha yemoto izokutshela konke, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo izoze ikuhlelele isikhathi sokukubona nomdayisi,” usho kanje. "Imboni yamathuluzi emishini isalele emuva kulokhu, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi iqhubekela ngasendleleni efanayo."
Lezi yizindaba ezinhle, ngoba abantu abaningi okukhulunywe nabo kulesi sihloko bavumelana ngento eyodwa: umsebenzi wesitolo wokugcina imishini ngokuvamile awugculisi. Kubanikazi bamathuluzi omshini we-Okuma abafuna usizo oluncane kulo msebenzi ocasulayo, uBusman wakhomba I-App Store yenkampani. Ihlinzeka ngamawijethi ezikhumbuzi zokunakekela ezihleliwe, imisebenzi yokuqapha nokulawula, izaziso ze-alamu, njll. Wathi njengabaningi abakhiqizi nabasabalalisi bamathuluzi omshini, i-Okuma izama ukwenza ukuphila phansi kwesitolo kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, u-Okuma ufuna ukuyenza “ihlakaniphe ngangokunokwenzeka.” Njengoba izinzwa ezisekelwe ku-IIoT ziqoqa ulwazi mayelana nama-bearings, ama-motor, nezinye izakhi ze-electromechanical, imisebenzi yezimoto echazwe ngaphambili isondela eqinisweni emkhakheni wokukhiqiza. Ikhompuyutha yomshini ihlaziya le datha ngokuqhubekayo, isebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze ithole uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.
Nokho, njengoba abanye beye babonisa, ukuba nesisekelo sokuqhathanisa kubalulekile. UBusman uthe: “Lapho u-Okuma enza intambo yokuphotha enye yezintambo zayo noma isikhungo somshini, siqoqa izici zokudlidliza, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuphuma entweni yokuphotha. Khona-ke, i-algorithm kusilawuli ingakwazi ukuqapha lawa manani futhi lapho ifinyelela iphuzu elinqunywe kusengaphambili Uma isikhathi sifika, isilawuli sizokwazisa u-opharetha womshini noma sithumele i-alamu ohlelweni lwangaphandle, sibatshele ukuthi uchwepheshe angase adinge ilethwe.”
UMike Hampton, uchwepheshe wokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi lezingxenye zangemuva kokuthengiswa kwe-Okuma, uthe okokugcina okungenzeka—ukuxwayisa ngohlelo lwangaphandle—kuseyinkinga. “Ngilinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti amancane kuphelaImishini ye-CNCzixhunywe kwi-inthanethi,” kusho yena. “Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokuthembela kuma-data, lokhu kuzoba yinselelo enkulu.
"Ukwethulwa kwe-5G nobunye ubuchwepheshe beselula kungase kuthuthukise isimo, kodwa kusenqikaza kakhulu-ikakhulukazi abasebenzi be-IT bamakhasimende ethu-ukuvumela ukufinyelela kude emishinini yabo," kuqhubeka u-Hampton. “Ngakho-ke nakuba i-Okuma nezinye izinkampani zifuna ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulungisa umshini ngokushesha futhi zikhulise ukuxhumana namakhasimende, ukuxhumana kuseyisithiyo esikhulu kunazo zonke.”
Ngaphambi kokuba lolo suku lufike, indawo yokusebenzela ingakhuphula isikhathi kanye nekhwalithi yezingxenye ngokuhlela ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvamile kwemishini yayo ngokusebenzisa izinti zokukhomba noma amasistimu okulinganisa ama-laser. Yilokhu uDan Skulan, umphathi jikelele we-industrial metrology eWest Dundee Renishaw, e-Illinois, esho. Uvumelana nabanye okukhulunywe nabo kulesi sihloko ukuthi ukusungula isisekelo ekuqaleni komjikelezo wempilo wethuluzi lomshini kuyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokulondoloza lokuvikela. Noma yikuphi ukuchezuka kulesi sisekelo kungase kusetshenziswe ukuhlonza izingxenye ezigugile noma ezilimele kanye nezimo ezingaphandle kwezinga. "Isizathu sokuqala esenza amathuluzi omshini alahlekelwe ukunemba kokumisa ukuthi awafakiwe ngokuphepha, alinganiswe ngendlela efanele, bese ehlolwa njalo," kusho uSkulan. “Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi imishini esezingeni eliphezulu isebenze kabi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuzokwenza imishini esezingeni eliphansi iziphathe njengemishini ebiza kakhulu. Akungabazeki ukuthi ukulinganisa kubiza kakhulu futhi kulula ukukwenza. ”
Isibonelo esiphawulekayo sivela kumthengisi wamathuluzi omshini e-Indiana. Lapho usetha isikhungo semishini esime mpo, unjiniyela wohlelo lokusebenza wabona ukuthi sasibekwe ngendlela engafanele. Ushayele uSkulan, olethe enye yezinhlelo zebhola ze-QC20-W zenkampani.
“I-X-axis ne-Y-eksisi ichezuke cishe ngamayintshi angu-0.004 (0.102 mm). Ukuhlola okusheshayo nge-level gauge kuqinisekise izinsolo zami zokuthi umshini awukho ezingeni,” kusho uSkulan. Ngemva kokubeka ibha yebhola kumodi yokuphinda, abantu ababili baqinisa kancane kancane induku yokukhipa ngayinye ngokushintshana kuze kube yilapho umshini usuleveli ngokuphelele futhi ukunemba kokuma kungaphakathi kuka-0.0002″ (0.005 mm).
Ama-Ballbars afaneleka kakhulu ukuthola ukuma kanye nezinkinga ezifanayo, kodwa ngesinxephezelo samaphutha ahlobene nokunemba kwemishini ye-volumetric, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola i-laser interferometer noma i-multi-axis calibrator. I-Renishaw inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo ezinjalo, futhi i-Skulan incoma ukuthi kufanele isetshenziswe ngokushesha ngemva kokufakwa komshini, bese isetshenziswa njalo ngokuya ngohlobo lokucubungula okwenziwe.
"Ake sithi wenza izingxenye zedayimane eziphendulwe yi-James Webb Space Telescope, futhi udinga ukugcina ukubekezelelana ngaphakathi kwama-nanometer ambalwa," esho. “Kulokhu, ungase wenze isheke lokulinganisa ngaphambi kokusikwa ngakunye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isitolo esicubungula izingxenye ze-skateboard zibe izingcezu ezihlanganisa noma ezisusa ezinhlanu singaphila ngemali encane kakhulu; ngokubona kwami, lokhu okungenani Kanye ngonyaka, inqobo nje uma umshini usuxazululiwe futhi ugcinwe ezingeni.”
I-ballbar ilula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ngemva kokuqeqeshwa okuthile, izitolo eziningi zingakwazi ukwenza ukulinganisa kwe-laser emishinini yazo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo ezintsha, ngokuvamile ezibophezelekile ekusetheni ivelu yesinxephezelo sangaphakathi se-CNC. Ezingqungqutheleni zokusebenzela ezinenani elikhulu lamathuluzi omshini kanye/noma izinsiza eziningi, isofthiwe ingalandelela ukulungiswa. Endabeni ka-Skulan, lena yi-Renishaw Central, eqoqa futhi ihlele idatha evela kusofthiwe yenkampani yokulinganisa laser ye-CARTO.
Kumaworkshops antula isikhathi, izinsiza, noma abangazimisele ngokunakekela imishini, uHayden Wellman, iphini likamongameli omkhulu we-Absolute Machine Tools Inc. e-Lorraine, e-Ohio, unethimba elingenza kanjalo. Njengabasabalalisi abaningi, i-Absolute inikeza uchungechunge lwezinhlelo zokuvikela zokuvikela, ukusuka kwithusi kuye kwesiliva kuye kwegolide. I-Absolute futhi ihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zephoyinti elilodwa njengesinxephezelo sephutha le-pitch, ukulungiswa kwe-servo, nokulinganisa okusekelwe nge-laser nokuqondanisa.
"Kuma-workshops angenalo uhlelo lokugcinwa kokuvimbela, sizokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokushintsha uwoyela we-hydraulic, ukuhlola ukuvuza komoya, ukulungisa izikhala, nokuqinisekisa izinga lomshini," kusho u-Wellman. “Ezitolo eziphatha lokhu zodwa, sinawo wonke ama-laser namanye amathuluzi adingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwazo kusebenza ngendlela eklanywe ngayo. Abanye abantu bakwenza kanye ngonyaka, abanye abantu bakwenza kancane, kodwa okubalulekile ukuthi bakwenze njalo.”
U-Wellman wabelane ngezimo ezimbi kakhulu, ezinjengokulimala komgwaqo okudalwe isivimbeli sokugeleza sikawoyela esivimbekile, nokwehluleka ukuphotha ngenxa yoketshezi olungcolile noma ama-seal agugile. Akuthathi ukucabanga okuningi ukubikezela umphumela wokugcina walokhu kuhluleka kwesondlo. Nokho, waveza isimo esivame ukumangaza abanikazi bezitolo: abaqhubi bemishini bangakwazi ukunxephezela imishini enganakekelwa kahle futhi bayihlele ukuze baxazulule izinkinga zokuqondanisa nokunemba. "Ekugcineni, isimo siba sibi kangangokuthi umshini uyayeka ukusebenza, noma okubi nakakhulu, opharetha uyayeka, futhi akekho ongakwazi ukuthola indlela yokwenza izingxenye ezinhle," kusho uWilman. "Kunoma ikuphi, ekugcineni kuzoletha izindleko ezengeziwe esitolo kunalokho abahlale benza uhlelo oluhle lokulungisa izinto."