Amalebula amelela amanye amasu amadala kakhulu okwenza imishini, kodwa kusewusizo ukukhumbula izinto eziyisisekelo lapho ucabangela ukuthenga i-lathe entsha.
Ngokungafani nemishini yokugaya eqondile noma evundlile, esinye sezici ezibalulekile ze-lathe ukuzungezisa isiqeshana sokusebenza esihlobene nethuluzi. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi we-lathe uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqula. Ngakho-ke, ukuphenduka kuyinqubo yomshini esetshenziselwa ukwakha izingxenye eziyindilinga eziyindilinga. Ama-lathes ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ububanzi be-workpiece ibe usayizi othize, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize ukuqeda okubushelelezi. Ngokuyisisekelo, ithuluzi lokusika lizosondela ku-workpiece ejikelezayo kuze kube yilapho iqala ukukhipha phezulu lapho iqala ukuhamba ngokulandelana eceleni (uma ingxenye iyi-shaft) noma yonke indawo (uma ingxenye iyisigubhu).
Nakuba usengakwazi ukuthenga ama-lathes alawulwa ngesandla, ama-lathe ambalwa awalawulwa yi-CNC namuhla. Uma ifakwe idivayisi yokushintsha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo (njenge-turret), i-CNC lathe ibizwa ngokufaneleke kakhulu ngokuthi isikhungo sokujika.Izikhungo zokuguqula i-CNCanobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nemisebenzi, kusukela kuma-axis amabili alula ahamba kuphela eziqondisweni zika-X kanye no-Y, ukuya kuma-multi-eksisiizikhungo eziphendukayoekwazi ukusingatha ukujika kwe-four-eksisi eyinkimbinkimbi, ukugaya, nokugaya. Ukubhoboza, ukucofa kanye nokubhoboza imbobo ejulile—umsebenzi owodwa nje.
I-lathe eyisisekelo ye-axis emibili ihlanganisa i-headstock, i-spindle, i-chuck yokulungisa izingxenye, i-lathe, inqola kanye nohlaka lokuslayida oluvundlile, isigxobo samathuluzi kanye ne-tailstock. Nakuba ama-lathes amaningi ane-tailstock ephathekayo ukusekela isiphetho somsebenzi, kodwa kude ne-chuck, akuwona wonke amathuluzi omshini afakwe lo msebenzi njengokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, i-tailstock ilusizo ikakhulukazi uma ucezu lokusebenza lude futhi luncane. Kulesi simo, uma i-tailstock ingasetshenziswa, ingabangela "u-ch crack", ishiya amamaki acacile ebusweni bengxenye. Uma ingasekelwe, ingxenye ngokwayo ingase ibe mncane ngoba ingxenye ingase igobe ngokweqile ngenxa yokucindezela kwamathuluzi ngesikhathi sokusika.
Lapho ucabangela ukwengeza i-tailstock njengendlela yokukhetha i-lathe, akufanele nje unake imisebenzi esebenzayo njengamanje, kodwa futhi unake umthwalo womsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo. Uma ungabaza, sicela ufake i-tailstock ekuthengeni kokuqala komshini. Lesi siphakamiso singase silondoloze izinkinga nezinkinga zokufakwa kamuva.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaki izimbazo ezinyakazayo ezidingekayo, lapho sihlola ukuthengwa kwanoma iyiphi i-lathe, isitolo kufanele siqale sicabangele ubukhulu, isisindo, inkimbinkimbi yejometri, ukunemba okudingekayo, nezinto zezingxenye ezicutshunguliwe. Inani elilindelekile lezingxenye eqeqebeni ngalinye kufanele licatshangelwe.
Iphuzu elivamile ekuthengeni wonke ama-lathes ubukhulu be-chuck ukuze kufakwe izingxenye ezidingekayo. Ngobaizikhungo eziphendukayo, ububanzi be-chuck ngokuvamile buba ngamayintshi angu-5 ukuya kwangu-66, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Uma izingxenye noma amabha kufanele adlule ngemuva kwe-chuck, i-spindle enkulu kunazo zonke ngembobo noma umthamo webha ibalulekile. Uma izinga ngosayizi wembobo lingelikhulu ngokwanele, ungasebenzisa ithuluzi lomshini elakhiwe ngenketho "yobubanzi obukhulu".
Inkomba yokhiye elandelayo ububanzi obuphendukayo noma ubukhulu bokujika ububanzi. Isibalo sibonisa ingxenye enobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu engafakwa ku-chuck futhi isengakwazi ukushwiba embhedeni ngaphandle kokuyishaya. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ubude obudingekayo bokujika. Ubukhulu be-workpiece bunquma ubude bombhede odingekayo umshini. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ubude obukhulu bokujika buhlukile kunobude bombhede. Isibonelo, uma ingxenye ezokwenziwa ngomshini ingama-intshi angu-40 ubude, umbhede uzodinga ubude obude ukuze ujikeleze kahle ubude obugcwele bengxenye.
Okokugcina, inani lezingxenye okufanele zicutshungulwe kanye nokunemba okudingekayo yizici eziyinhloko ezinquma ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yomshini. Imishini ekhiqiza kakhulu idinga izimbazo ze-X ne-Y ezinesivinini esikhulu, kanye nesivinini sokunyakaza esifaniswa ngokushesha. Imishini enokubekezelelana okuqinile iklanyelwe ukulawula ukukhukhuleka okushisayo kuzikulufu zebhola nezinto ezibalulekile. Isakhiwo somshini singaphinda sidizayinelwe ukunciphisa ukukhula kokushisa.
Thola imininingwane eyengeziwe ngokuthenga isikhungo somshini esisha ngokuvakashela “Umhlahlandlela Wokuthenga Amathuluzi Omshini” ku-Techspex Knowledge Center.
I-robotic automation iguqula umsebenzi ongase ube yintandokazi encane kubaqhubi bemishini ube umsebenzi osindayo.
Indawo yokusebenzela endaweni yaseCincinnati izofaka enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu zezwe zokujika nokugaya. Nakuba ukufaka isisekelo salo mshini omkhulu kuwumsebenzi onzima, inkampani futhi yakhe isisekelo kwezinye “izisekelo.”
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-27-2021